The Elsmar Cove Forum and Site Map The Elsmar Cove Wiki More Free Files The Elsmar Cove Forums Discussion Thread Index Post Attachments Listing Failure Modes Services and Solutions to Problems Elsmar cove Forums Main Page Elsmar Cove Home Page

Go Back   The Elsmar Cove Forum > Professional Employment and Occupation Related > Professional Certifications and Degrees


The Elsmar Cove Forum SideBar!
Monitor the Forum
Monitor New Forum Posts
New Threads Feeds
RSS FeedRSS Feed
Sponsor Link










$ Contributor Forum Access
Courtesy Quick Links

Links that Elsmar Cove visitors will find useful in your quest for knowledge:


Howard's International Quality Services

Atul's Symphony Technologies

Dave Scott's Scott Quality Solutions

Praxiom Research Group


NIST's Engineering Statistics Handbook

IRCA - International Register of Certified Auditors

SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers

Quality Digest Portal

IEST - Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology

ASQ - American Society for Quality


All the Important Standards and Related Web Sites in the World
Reply
 
Thread Tools Search this Thread Rating: Thread Rating: 1 votes, 4.00 average. Display Modes
  #1  
Old 23rd October 2004, 11:00 AM
Govind's Avatar
Govind Govind is offline
Super Moderator

Registration Date: Apr 2004
Location: Fremont, California
 
Posts: 546
Thanks Given to Others: 13
Thanked 36 Times in 35 Posts
Karma Power: 50
Govind has disabled his/her Karma.
Money ASQ Professional Certification Rates are Going Up

Yes, according to ASQ web page, the member rates for various certifications are going up by another USD 30 and Non member rates up to USD 75 !
http://www.asq.org/portal/page?_page..._schema=PORTAL

1. Do you think this cost will affect exam takers?
Iam not sure whether this difference will affect North American exam takers. However, I think this will affect the growth of International exam takers from developing countries.

2. If ASQ has no other option but to increase, what additional value added service you think could be provided by ASQ?
I think, ASQ could send the Strength, Weakness report to all exam takers. Currently ASQ sends to those who are not successful in the exam.
There could be many exam takers who have passed on the margin of Error. There could be many who scored extremely well in one area and poor in the other area, yet passed the exam. Hence, all of us need a feedback to improve on our understanding of BOK irrespective of Exam outcome. ASQ could offer this value added service for all exam takers.

Your thoughts on my question 1 and 2 ?

Regards,
Govind.
Reply With Quote

Sponsored Links
  #2  
Old 23rd October 2004, 12:07 PM
Al Dyer's Avatar
Al Dyer Al Dyer is offline
Mod...

Registration Date: Mar 2003
Location: Oregon, MI
Age: 51
 
Posts: 577
Thanks Given to Others: 4
Thanked 10 Times in 10 Posts
Karma Power: 46
Karma: 398
Al Dyer is appreciated, and has over 300 Karma points.Al Dyer is appreciated, and has over 300 Karma points.Al Dyer is appreciated, and has over 300 Karma points.Al Dyer is appreciated, and has over 300 Karma points.
Send a message via AIM to Al Dyer
Default

Govind,

As to do with #1, I really don't think it will deter anybody sitting for the exams, they already cost an arm and a leg, why not throw in a big toe

As to #2, I wish I could have seen the results of my exam, as said, I would hav liked to know my strengths and weaknsses.

Al...
__________________
"Para ... Bellum"

Last edited by Al Dyer; 23rd October 2004 at 12:08 PM. Reason: Spelling
Reply With Quote
Sponsored Links

  #3  
Old 23rd October 2004, 01:21 PM
Jennifer Kirley's Avatar
Jennifer Kirley Jennifer Kirley is offline
Forum Moderator

Registration Date: Jan 2004
Location: Maine, USA
 
Posts: 3,106
Thanks Given to Others: 964
Thanked 1,135 Times in 684 Posts
Karma Power: 360
Karma: 13741
Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Govind

Yes, according to ASQ web page, the member rates for various certifications are going up by another USD 30 and Non member rates up to USD 75 !
http://www.asq.org/portal/page?_page..._schema=PORTAL

1. Do you think this cost will affect exam takers?
Iam not sure whether this difference will affect North American exam takers. However, I think this will affect the growth of International exam takers from developing countries.

2. If ASQ has no other option but to increase, what additional value added service you think could be provided by ASQ?
I think, ASQ could send the Strength, Weakness report to all exam takers. Currently ASQ sends to those who are not successful in the exam.
There could be many exam takers who have passed on the margin of Error. There could be many who scored extremely well in one area and poor in the other area, yet passed the exam. Hence, all of us need a feedback to improve on our understanding of BOK irrespective of Exam outcome. ASQ could offer this value added service for all exam takers.

Your thoughts on my question 1 and 2 ?

Regards,
Govind.

1. Those who are serious about taking the exam will still do so. They likely pay more than this increase for gasoline to commute to work anyway. So, those who think certification will help them to earn more, or be more competetive in the job market, will continue to pursue it.

2a. I also think we should be given a breakdown of how we did, even if we pass. I know I am weak in statistics, but for some reason passed the CQE anyway (I am stronger in qualitative than quantitative subjects). I would like to know just what areas to study harder on if I took the test again, since I would unlikely collect enough points for recert.

2b. ASQ should work harder to reach the small business community, who thinks quality is a product or service aspect measure--a hot hamburger, clean store, taxi on time, etc. This is especially important to nonmanufacturers, as I described in my SBIR report. ASQ's overall focus is still on high end product/service design and well-developed systems, even though the vast majority of firms are very small, and think of different challeges, such as employee turnover and Workmen Comp costs. ASQ does a great job in preaching to the choir, but a frankly lousy job in outreach to the very early stages of business performance enhancement. ASQ needs to start at the beginning, and jettison the term "quality" because it's so widely misunderstood.

ASQ will likely lose me because of this. My CQE cert expires in 2006, and CQA in 2005. I last held a job using these certs in 2001. They are mysterious to the market I am trying to penetrate as a small business performance advisor. Manufacturing shrinkage has made these certs practically obsolete, unless we can do a better job of marketing to the businesses still here. I'm working on educating this market and prying open a niche, but I could use help from the organization that is supposed to really understand the need for what we do.
__________________
Stealth quality versus no quality
Reply With Quote
  #4  
Old 24th October 2004, 01:06 AM
Wes Bucey's Avatar
Wes Bucey Wes Bucey is offline
Quality Manager

Registration Date: Sep 2003
Location: Illinois
 
Posts: 7,536
Thanks Given to Others: 182
Thanked 1,127 Times in 762 Posts
Karma Power: 397
Karma: 11090
Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Default

Oddly, when a supplier to one of the big automotive OEMs attempts to raise his price, he encounters great resistance because the OEMs always try to ensure there is a competitor lurking who can take the business at a lower price.

As ASQ sets itself up as a sole source monopoly, it doesn't bother to justify ANY of its price raises. There is a point at which the marketplace finds or creates an alternate (or modifies its operations to do without) to offset the power of the monopoly.

Essentially, this happened with 6S certifications and ASQ jumped into 6S to get a piece of the pie. (Note that in many cases, ASQ has been undercutting the prices other providers charged for 6S certification.)

My guess is that many folks who may have to pay their own fees for ASQ certification will think long and hard to determine if there is a real cost benefit to holding the certificate before spending those dollars.

I note many organizations are no longer paying ASQ dues for their employees and even more are refusing to pay for certification exams.

If Jennifer's information is valid in other parts of the country as well - then many small organizations have no knowledge about ASQ certifications and therefore see no dollar value of such certification or the holder of one to their organization.

Caveat - please note: the Body of Knowledge represented by the ASQ certifications is still good and valid. Soon, some smart entrepreneur (maybe even one of you reading this screed) will say, "Hey! Study that Body of Knowledge, but come to me and take the test for half price. I'll give you a certificate." If that somebody has a good organization (some internet college, perhaps?) with a fair reputation, a lot of the current test takers who just want some sort of certificate to show they know the Body of Knowledge may abandon ASQ and flock to the new guy on the block.

It could happen. As a long-time ASQ member, I know there is every chance there are practitioners without certificates who are much more skilled and adept than those who do have certificate. (It only stands to reason that if there are non-college graduates who are more skilled and adept in academic fields than some (not all) college graduates, there must be a similar situation regarding ASQ certificates.)

So, the question really is, "Is ASQ pricing its product (certification) so high it will invite competitors back into the business of selling certificates at a lower price?"

__________________
"Few minds wear out; more rust out"
Inscribed over the entrance of Louis Pasteur School, Chicago
Christian Nestell Bovee (1820-1904) in Thoughts, Feelings and Fancies, 1857
Reply With Quote
  #5  
Old 24th October 2004, 11:59 AM
Jennifer Kirley's Avatar
Jennifer Kirley Jennifer Kirley is offline
Forum Moderator

Registration Date: Jan 2004
Location: Maine, USA
 
Posts: 3,106
Thanks Given to Others: 964
Thanked 1,135 Times in 684 Posts
Karma Power: 360
Karma: 13741
Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Jennifer Kirley is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Default

I think Wes nailed it in the context that is often overlooked, which of course is body of knowlege. Once one has this, in a business climate that no longer recognizes a certification (I've seen an awful lot of deer-in-the-headlight looks) or thinks it doesn't apply to them, recert efforts and expense may become a questionable value.

2nd, this is a competetive labor environment, and the individual is being asked more often to assume personal risk for professional development. Workers will continue to accept this risk while the job market favors the employer, but I am reading they are feeling attracted to organizations who invest in their employees' readiness. These employers are said to enjoy higher productivity, can reduce costly defects more easily, and have lower employee turnover. When the labor market pendulum reverses and competition for labor preoccupies management as well as a push for lower costs, these investors in workforces will likely have the last laugh (see Business Week's October 25 article about George David of United Technologies Corp.--"The Unsung CEO").

As the public's understanding of Quality moves away from Fitness For Use and into an identity more like Business Performance, there may be increased certification coverage. There are schools that offer degrees in quality management; we need to see more of the awareness creep into MBA programs, too. It's beginning, where courses in ethics are now being demanded and I even read about a Harvard Business School seminar on Breakthrough Customer Satisfaction--happy gasp!

This may take some time, since I noted a distinct dropoff in awareness levels among rural small business owners during my SBIR project. Where awareness is low, demand for the BOK is lower, and certfications mean squat. IMO, ASQ would benefit from recognizing this and making an outreach effort that mines demand from the nonmanufacturing small business sectors, the largest in the U.S. but an almost utterly neglected market.
__________________
Stealth quality versus no quality

Last edited by Jennifer Kirley; 24th October 2004 at 12:11 PM.
Reply With Quote
  #6  
Old 25th October 2004, 02:24 PM
Groo3's Avatar
Groo3 Groo3 is offline
Involved in Discussions

Registration Date: Jul 2003
Location: USA, NY, Westchester County
Age: 48
 
Posts: 94
Thanks Given to Others: 13
Thanked 11 Times in 7 Posts
Karma Power: 29
Karma: 104
Groo3 is appreciated, and has over 100 Karma points.Groo3 is appreciated, and has over 100 Karma points.
Send a message via AIM to Groo3
Default

Quote:
Originally Posted by Govind

2. If ASQ has no other option but to increase, what additional value added service you think could be provided by ASQ?
I think, ASQ could send the Strength, Weakness report to all exam takers. Currently ASQ sends to those who are not successful in the exam.
There could be many exam takers who have passed on the margin of Error. There could be many who scored extremely well in one area and poor in the other area, yet passed the exam. Hence, all of us need a feedback to improve on our understanding of BOK irrespective of Exam outcome. ASQ could offer this value added service for all exam takers.

Your thoughts on my question 1 and 2 ?

Regards,
Govind.
Well, my thoughts on # 2 anyway=
I do not think highly of the feedback the last time I failed an exam (I had a 510 where a 520+ was passing). The feedback was basically targeted at the BOK sections and did not tell me what specifically was incorrect (kind of like saying you want to deliver a package to a friend across the country but only want to give the shipper the name of the city and state they live in, nothing else, no name, no address)... I think it would be more appropriate for ASQ to identify specific questions that were answered incorrectly (all of them) along with the correct answer. Then (at least) I would be able to learn what I answered wrong, learn why my answer was wrong, and ultimately not get it wrong the next time. This would be helpful even if you passed an exam... it would be a measure of how well you really did.

just my

Also, if they were more forthcoming with the strength / weakness details, more people might be willing to re-take an exam after their certificate expires instead of going all-out to get the credits they need so they can avoid a re-certification exam (I know many who opt for the CEU's instead of re-taking the exam. I have heard most of my friends with ASQ Cert's say they are afraid to re-take it because they don't know how well they actually did last time)...

E
Reply With Quote
  #7  
Old 25th October 2004, 02:42 PM
Wes Bucey's Avatar
Wes Bucey Wes Bucey is offline
Quality Manager

Registration Date: Sep 2003
Location: Illinois
 
Posts: 7,536
Thanks Given to Others: 182
Thanked 1,127 Times in 762 Posts
Karma Power: 397
Karma: 11090
Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.Wes Bucey is appreciated, and has over 1700 Karma points.
Default

As I see it, two goals and philosophies are in conflict when we consider the question of identifying the exact questions which were wrong and what the correct answer should have been.
  1. The test creator doesn't want to endanger the integrity of future test sessions by identifying questions which may be difficult, because future test takers may learn of them and skew the results on subsequent tests.
  2. The test taker wants a benchmark to determine whether he misinterpreted information in the Body of Knowledge or whether he just didn't study it or even whether he just made a foolish error in marking the answer.
The conflict between the two views arises because of the nature of administering an international test. The Scholastic Aptitude Test tries to resolve this conflict by giving the test takers a numeric score versus a pass/fail report. In addition to a numeric score, Educational Testing Service also reports a percentile rank to show where the raw score places in relation to other test takers. A numeric grade would help folks make a determination whether to study and retake the test rather than work to get ceu (continuing education credits) to avoid retaking the test. Obviously, it would be more helpful to the test taker to have more details, but I doubt folks would be happy at the extra cost involved to create completely new exams for every session.

Other ideas on resolving the conflict between test maker and test taker?
__________________
"Few minds wear out; more rust out"
Inscribed over the entrance of Louis Pasteur School, Chicago
Christian Nestell Bovee (1820-1904) in Thoughts, Feelings and Fancies, 1857
Reply With Quote
  #8  
Old 26th October 2004, 01:26 PM
Govind's Avatar
Govind Govind is offline
Super Moderator

Registration Date: Apr 2004
Location: Fremont, California
 
Posts: 546
Thanks Given to Others: 13
Thanked 36 Times in 35 Posts
Karma Power: 50
Govind has disabled his/her Karma.
Read This!

Quote:
Originally Posted by Govind

Yes, according to ASQ web page, the member rates for various certifications are going up by another USD 30 and Non member rates up to USD 75 !
http://www.asq.org/portal/page?_page..._schema=PORTAL

1. Do you think this cost will affect exam takers?
Iam not sure whether this difference will affect North American exam takers. However, I think this will affect the growth of International exam takers from developing countries.

2. If ASQ has no other option but to increase, what additional value added service you think could be provided by ASQ?
I think, ASQ could send the Strength, Weakness report to all exam takers. Currently ASQ sends to those who are not successful in the exam.
There could be many exam takers who have passed on the margin of Error. There could be many who scored extremely well in one area and poor in the other area, yet passed the exam. Hence, all of us need a feedback to improve on our understanding of BOK irrespective of Exam outcome. ASQ could offer this value added service for all exam takers.

Your thoughts on my question 1 and 2 ?

Regards,
Govind.
I forwarded this thread link yesterday with subsequent discussions to Ms.Sally Harthun of ASQ, Certification Offerings for her feedback.
Ms.Harthun replied within a day and kindly agreed to share this feedback with Elsmar.
Regards,
Govind.

Reply from Ms.Harthun:

"Hi Govind - Thanks for sending this to us. I've asked our Psychometrician, Sheila Connolly to comment on some of the aspects of the threads. Here is her response:

Each time the Certification Board is asked to make a decision on the basis of cut-score study data, we review the types of error that can be made: 1) passing someone who should fail; and 2) Failing someone who should pass. In every instance, the Cert Board has made the decision that it is better to fail someone who should have passed. Therefore, the kind of "margin" mentioned in the thread below is exactly the opposite of what is true. Candidates do not pass on the margin of error; in fact, they fail on the margin of error.

With regard to providing "strengths & weaknesses" reports to passers, we have considered a number of different ideas in this area, but the Standards for Psychological and Educational Testing which we use as our basis for the ASQ examination programs has many cautions about reporting such information, as it can contribute to test misuse. One example of test misuse would be when 2 employees from a company take the CQx test. One of them passes with a score of 88 and the other passes with a score of 90. The "misuse" comes in when someone uses the information from that test result and decides that the candidate who scored 90 is more qualified - is a "better" CQx" - than the employee who scored 88. The fact that both of them passed the exam is all the employer needs to know. Both of them have been successful in the CQx body of knowledge, and both are certified accordingly.

Another aspect of this example is that no one knows whether the person who scored 88 got five very difficult questions right, while the person who scored 90 didn't get any of those hard questions right but did score well on a series of "easy" questions, and scored well enough on those relatively easy questions to get 2 more right than the person who scored 88.


As far as the price increase:
When reviewing the Certification fees, a decision was made to increase them for a number of reasons. Among them, the fact that the fees have not kept pace with the increased cost of administering the exams, the certification fees have not increased for over three years, and when benchmarking other associations, ASQ's certificate fees are still among the lowest. As the prices aren't increasing until January 1st, we are trying to give examinees the opportunity and as much time as possible to apply now before the increase for members ($30) becomes effective. The increase between member and the nonmember fee is to encourage people to join as members.

I am sure you will agree that the ASQ Certifications are still a great value for the relatively modest fee charged.

I hope this information helps put to rest at least some of the myths people have about Cert. Please let me know if you have any other questions!

Thanks again for your help.

Sally"
Reply With Quote
Reply

Lower Navigation Bar
Go Back   The Elsmar Cove Forum > Professional Employment and Occupation Related > Professional Certifications and Degrees

Bookmarks


Visitors Currently Viewing this Thread: 1 (0 Registered Visitors and 1 Unregistered Guests)
 
Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Forum Search
Display Modes Rate Thread Content
Rate Thread Content:

Posting Settings
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off

Forum Jump

Similar Discussion Threads
Discussion Thread Title Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post or Poll Vote
ASQ Pharmaceutical GMP Professional Certification Govind Professional Certifications and Degrees 1 19th December 2008 09:38 PM
SPSM (Senior Professional Supply Management) Certification denmar Professional Certifications and Degrees 3 3rd November 2008 06:39 PM
How many organizations here require personnel professional certification(s)? Hershal Training - Internal, External and Distance Learning 9 10th August 2005 04:12 PM
ASQ Certification Exam Pass Rates - Per QCI holly21 Professional Certifications and Degrees 12 3rd May 2005 10:11 AM



The time now is 02:20 PM. All times are GMT -4.
The time zone can be changed in your UserCP --> Options.



   

All Y'All Come Back Now, Y' Hear?

Made With A Mac! FreeBSD OS Powered by Apache!
Using php4 Forums provided and maintained by Marc Smith Database by MySQL

FAIR USE and CORRECTNESS NOTICE: This site contains copyrighted material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making such material available in our efforts to advance understanding of environmental, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, and social justice issues, etc. We believe herein constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, the material on this site is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. For more information go to: http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/ If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond 'fair use', you must obtain permission from the copyright owner. In addition, I do not guarantee the correctness of the content. The risk of using content from the Elsmar Cove web site and forums remains with the user/visitor.

Responsibility Statement: Each person is responsible for anything they post in the Elsmar Cove forum. Neither I, Marc Timothy Smith, nor any of the forum Moderators, are responsible for the content of posts people make. Liability for post content resides with the poster as does interpretation and/or acceptance and/or use of advice by the reader.

Complaints: If you have a complaint with a post in a forum discussion thread, including Content in general, fighting, flaming, copyright infringement, defamation and/or 'slander', please use the 'Report This Post Report This Post Button button which appears at the top of every post in every thread.

Site courtesy of:
Marc Timothy Smith - Cayman Business Systems, 8466 Lesourdsville-West Chester Road, West Chester, Ohio 45069-1929 - USA
(513) 341-6272

To contact me, click the Google Voice link below, enter Your Name and Your Phone Number and Google will ring your phone and connect you for free!

The Elsmar Cove Web Site is *CopyFree*
no new posts