Statistics Symbols

A2

A multiplier of R used to calculate the control limits for averages.

C

The number of nonconformities in a sample.

Cpk

The Capability Index. Defined as Z min/3

d2

A divisor of R used to estimate the process standard deviation.

D3, D4

Multiplier of R used to calculate the lower and upper control limits, respectively, for ranges.

k

The number of subgroups being used to calculate control limits.

LCL

The lower control limit.

LSL

The lower engineering specification limit.

n

The number of individuals in a subgroup (the subgroup sample size).

n = n-Bar

The average subgroup sample size.

np

The number of nonconforming items in a sample size of n.

np - n p-Bar

The average number of nonconforming items in samples of constant size n.

p

The proportion of units nonconforming in a sample.

p = p-Bar

The average proportion of units nonconforming in a series of samples (weighted by sample size).

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The Juran Trilogy	The Deming PDCA Cycle	QMS Implementation	FMEA Information	APQP Information
Auditing Information	8-D Problem Solving	Statistics	Error Proofing (Poka Yoke)	Brainstorming
Identifying Waste	Pull Systems	Lead Time Reduction	Planned Maintenance	Quick Setup
Discovering Change	Process Capability - Cp vs. Cpk	Histogram Animation	Process Loop Animation	Taguchi Loss Function
		Fishbone / Cause and Effects Animation

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