I would tend to think in terms of three levels of action after a problem:
Containment - How do I stop it getting worse?
Correction - How do I fix this instance of this problem, here and now?
Corrective - How do I fix the root cause to stop it happening again, or something similar happening elsewhere?
So, for example, I'm working in a machine shop cutting metal, and I start getting some parts off automated mill that have a bore cut undersize. These parts are pretty urgent and are needed for something to send to a customer the next day.
My containment action would be to stop the machine running and quarantine the parts - stopping the machine stops the situation getting worse as I'm no longer producing non-conforming parts and putting the parts in quarantine means they can't get out of the shop and start being used in product. I've basically bought myself some time to work out what I'm going to do next.
My correction action might be to put the non-conforming parts back up on the machine and take small cuts, measuring as I go to make sure that I get some parts that meet the drawing. I haven't solved the problem here - I still don't know why it was cutting undersize, but I'm getting some good parts that I can use to meet my customer order.
For my corrective action I now need to work out why it went wrong - was the programme incorrect? was the tool worn? These are things I can fix - maybe the programme wasn't proved out properly, so I look at training for my programmers and whether my checking process is working properly. If the tool is worn - was it checked before it went on the machine - is my set-up process working? Am I checking the tools often enough and changing them when needed? I'm sure you get the picture...
To me, this is about good business sense and buying yourself enough time to do a detailed investigation, without crippling the production facility and not meeting the customer targets. The standard requires that I know there has been a problem, that I've fixed it and that I've documented what I've done. It isn't specific as to how!