Only a system can be certified.
Yes, but of course. No question.
Individual departments rarely have the resources available to operate a system that conforms to a recognized system standard.
I've repeatedly said, let's not just think about an individual 'department' - even the topic heading says 'department
/area' and the various examples given should make this clear. For some reason that escapes me, you keep setting up 'department' as a kind of strawman position, and then arguing that. 'Tain't what I said. I'm happy to argue/debate/discuss what I did say and mean, but I'm not going to defend or debate a position I did not take.
Possibly we're hearing/seeing different things here - may help if you think (instead of department) a 'business unit' (assuming you have that term there?) Something like 'smaller organisation/subset of organisation' within a larger organisation. Again - I gave the refs from 9004 that support this line of thinking.
Now, re. your statement, this is perhaps largely true - but
not always and hence my original dissension (presumably acknowledged by your qualification of 'rarely'). And hence the debate.
My experience in this forum is that informed and interested debate on a valid topic - even a controversial one as this is - is a good thing, John. It's a public forum with a whole range of participants.
The breaking this topic away from the OP's query was aimed at avoiding confusion on that particular query - because I agree that S&M isn't on the face of it a likely candidate. But my approach to that query was and remains that there was not enough info provided to make me advise it as a "dead cert do not do it".
Whenever a client asks me a question about certification for a subset of the larger organisation such as service/contract/business unit etc, I always take some time to investigate and understand what the context is, what their understanding is, and why they want to do it before providing an opinion.
And, of course, anyway it is the role of the certifier/registrar to make this decision -
not a consultant.