From what I gather, "escalation process" in this section deals with the need to react and bring to the attention of management (and potentially customers) when a concern exists over product integrity.
E.g., the heat treatment furnace might have malfunctioned and we are unsure about the mechanical properties of the brake discs we just processed there, a flag should be raised. Along the lines of "if you know/suspect something is wrong (with the product), say something (to a designated higher up).