Well, ISO 9001 requires, for all intents and purposes, a defined design and development 'process'.
APQP is Advanced Product Quality Planning as defined by the AIAG automotive 'APQP Manual'. Bottom line is APQP is the 'old' GM - Ford - Chrysler product / project sequence and requirements.
The APQP process includes a number of other aspects, however, including aspects such as equipment run offs (at the turnkey prior to ship and at facility install) and such. This said, the APQP 'process' is really a set of 'good manufacturing processes' steps leading from request for quote to last payment after install and in-plant runoff.
Also see:
APQP - Advanced Product Quality Planning - In Consonance with the AIAG's APQP Manual