Definition Tempering - Definition of "Tempering" of Metal

S

silentrunning

#1
Today I had a material salesman tell our purchasing personnel that he had some Stainless Steel T301 that was annealed and then ?tempered? to Full Hard. When the proposal was given to me for review, I rejected it because you can?t ?temper? T-301 to Full Hard. The salesman corrected me and said they tempered it by roll hardening the material. I realize that you can increase the hardness and tensile strength of 300 series Stainless, but this is not ?tempering?. I was always taught that tempering is a method of using heating and cooling practices to anneal a hardened material down to a desired hardness. You heat treat a piece of 1095 annealed spring steel and then temper it by drawing it at an elevated temperature. The salesman disagreed. His idea is that tempering is any process that changes the strength of the material. Thoughts please?
 
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ScottK

Not out of the crisis
Staff member
Super Moderator
#2
Re: What is your definition of "tempering"?

I think that the very definition of tempering involves heating and cooling.
Wouldn't roll hardening be cold working?
 

Jim Wynne

Staff member
Admin
#4
Re: What is your definition of "tempering"?

Today I had a material salesman tell our purchasing personnel that he had some Stainless Steel T301 that was annealed and then ?tempered? to Full Hard. When the proposal was given to me for review, I rejected it because you can?t ?temper? T-301 to Full Hard. The salesman corrected me and said they tempered it by roll hardening the material. I realize that you can increase the hardness and tensile strength of 300 series Stainless, but this is not ?tempering?. I was always taught that tempering is a method of using heating and cooling practices to anneal a hardened material down to a desired hardness. You heat treat a piece of 1095 annealed spring steel and then temper it by drawing it at an elevated temperature. The salesman disagreed. His idea is that tempering is any process that changes the strength of the material. Thoughts please?
I'm no metallurgist, but as I understand it tempering steel involves reheating it--after hardening and quenching--at a lower temperature than the first heat treatment in order to reduce brittleness. Tempering depends on a higher level of carbon being present than is found in 300 SS.
 
J

jasonb067

#5
Re: What is your definition of "tempering"?

The salesman disagreed. His idea is that tempering is any process that changes the strength of the material. Thoughts please?
I think that after treating if the material is being heated to change the strength of the material that is considered tempering. From what I understand.

I can get more definitive tomorrow and respond but I wanted to attach myself to this conversation today, sorry if there is a better way to do this than a less than helpful comment.
 
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A

Atom_Ant

#6
Re: What is your definition of "tempering"? Stainless Steel T301

From what I understand Tempering is usually an application of heat below the lower critical to increase toughness, while reducing hardness/brittleness.

I've also heard of tempering by quenching to a specific temperature instead of applying heat, but the physical process that happens inside the material is similar (it is held at a temperature below the lower critical to increase toughness).

In my opinion the salesman is incorrect.
 
K

kgott

#7
Re: What is your definition of "tempering"? Stainless Steel T301

Today I had a material salesman tell our purchasing personnel that he had some Stainless Steel T301 that was annealed and then ?tempered? to Full Hard. When the proposal was given to me for review, I rejected it because you can?t ?temper? T-301 to Full Hard. The salesman corrected me and said they tempered it by roll hardening the material. I realize that you can increase the hardness and tensile strength of 300 series Stainless, but this is not ?tempering?. I was always taught that tempering is a method of using heating and cooling practices to anneal a hardened material down to a desired hardness. You heat treat a piece of 1095 annealed spring steel and then temper it by drawing it at an elevated temperature. The salesman disagreed. His idea is that tempering is any process that changes the strength of the material. Thoughts please?
I'm sure there will be a document published by a reputable industry, scientific or educational organisation somewhere that will provide a definition that is more 'reputable' and 'definitative' than a sales person or CB auditor. Perhaps you might like to discuss this with your customers and decide to use a common definition.
 

Golfman25

Trusted Information Resource
#9
Re: What is your definition of "tempering"? Stainless Steel T301

Your salesman is right. 300 series stainless is typically rolled from annealed to 1/4, 1/2 and full hard "tempers." Whether that meets the technical definition of "tempering" is irrelevant. That is how they do it. Good luck.
 
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