1) Verification is calibration per the International Vocabulary of Metrology.
(Calibration is comparing to a known standard, no adjustment required)
2) Here are some basic cal procedures;
Regular calibration intervals help ensure micrometer accuracy.
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There are Mil Std procedures for calibration of hand tools (I remember Navy ones in particular) but I am not finding them in a quick search.
For our internal use we do the following for micrometers:
Take 3 zero readings and check repeatability.
Position a thin gage block near the edge of the anvil at 0,90,180, 270 degrees with readings at each to check anvil parallelism.
Take 8 gage block readings , spanning the length of measurement, and covering ~ 1/4 turn x4 position of the thimble.
For digital; take at least 1 reading in MM (if all other readings were English) to verify conversion is correct.
You can do a lot more tests, but you must determine you own risk tolerance.